The properties and applications of single-molecule DNA sequencing

Single-molecule sequencing enables DNA or RNA to be sequenced directly from biological samples, making it well-suited for diagnostic and clinical applications. Here we review the properties and applications of this rapidly evolving and promising technology

Symmetric spatio-temporal focusing of ultrashort pulses

Simultaneous spatio-temporal focusing of few-cycle pulses is usually performed by stretcher-compressor configurations causing pulse-front tilt. By shaping and superimposing two reciprocal sub-beams, opposite tilts can compensate each other. Pulse propagation for asymmetric and symmetric focusing of near infrared 5-fs-pulses is studied by numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments

Symmetric spatio-temporal focusing of ultrashort pulses

Simultaneous spatio-temporal focusing of few-cycle pulses is usually performed by stretcher-compressor configurations causing pulse-front tilt. By shaping and superimposing two reciprocal sub-beams, opposite tilts can compensate each other. Pulse propagation for asymmetric and symmetric focusing of near infrared 5-fs-pulses is studied by numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments

Distinction of nucleobases - A tip-enhanced Raman approach

The development of novel DNA sequencing methods is one of the ongoing challenges in various fields of research seeking to address the demand for sequence information. However, many of these techniques rely on some kind of labeling or amplification steps. Here we investigate the intrinsic properties of tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) towards the development of a novel, label-free, direct sequencing method. It is known that TERS allows the acquisition of spectral information with high lateral resolution and single-molecule sensitivity. In the presented experiments, single stranded adenine and uracil homopolymers were immobilized on different kinds of substrates (mica and gold nanoplates) and TERS experiments were conducted, which demonstrated the reproducibility of the technique. To elucidate the signal contributions from the specific nucleobases, TERS spectra were collected on single stranded calf thymus DNA with arbitrary sequence. The results show that, while the Raman signals with respect to the four nucleobases differ remarkably, specific markers can be determined for each respective base. The combination of sensitivity and reproducibility shows that the crucial demands for a sequencing procedure are met

Acute treatment of pregnant women after severe trauma-a retrospective multicenter analysis

Background For the medical team, the management of pregnant trauma patients is a particular challenge. The aim of this study is to compile this data and to determine differences between pregnant and not pregnant trauma patients. Materials and methods We carried out a retrospective data analysis from the TraumaRegister DGU (R) with a comparison of 102 pregnant and 3135 not pregnant women of child-bearing age (16-45 years) from 2016-2018 who were treated in a trauma center. All patients were delivered to the resuscitation room and received intensive care treatment. Results In Germany, Austria and Switzerland 3.2% of all trauma patients (102 women) were pregnant. Women with an average age of 29 years suffered most often trauma as a result of a road traffic accident. Major trauma (Injury Severity Score [ISS] >= 16 points) was seen in 24.5% of the pregnant women and 37.4% of the nonpregnant women. A computer tomography (whole body computer tomography) was carried out in 32.7% of all pregnant women but in 79.8% of the nonpregnant women. As a result of the trauma, 2.9% of the pregnant and 3.5% of the not pregnant women died. The standardised mortality rate (SMR) was 0.42 in pregnant women and 0.63 in nonpregnant women. Conclusion For the first time there is data regarding incidence, trauma mechanism, prehospital and in-hospital care as well as intensive care of pregnant trauma patients in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Further research regarding foetal outcome and trauma-related injuries in pregnant women is needed to develop an adjusted management for these patients ready to implement in trauma centres. Gynaecologists and obstetricians should be implemented in the trauma room team when needed

EC78-219 1978 Nebraska Swine Report

This 1978 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats

Dienstleistungsexport

Compared to the classic export of tangible goods, the export of services has some significant special features that need to be taken into account. For example, some characteristics of services, such as their immateriality and non-storability, also have an impact on cross-border business activities. Since the offer and provision of services in foreign markets is usually very personnel-intensive, this chapter also deals with relevant aspects of international personnel policy in more detail (e.g. employee secondments). Another section of this chapter deals with the organisation of international service provision, both with regard to the adaptation of internal structures and with regard to the operational handling of day-to-day business. Finally, the legal framework conditions that should be observed by internationally active service providers are discussed